Whole blood

Whole blood

Whole Blood is the term used in transfusion medicine for human blood from a standard blood donation. The blood is typically combined with an anticoagulant during the collection process, but is generally otherwise unprocessed. In the US, the capitalized "Whole Blood" means a specific standardized product for transfusion or further processing, where "whole blood" is any unmodified collected blood.

Processing

Historically, blood was transfused as Whole Blood without further processing. Most blood banks now split the Whole Blood into two or more components, typically red blood cells and a plasma component such as Fresh Frozen Plasma. Platelets for transfusion can also be prepared from a unit of Whole Blood. Some blood banks have replaced this with platelets collected by Plateletpheresis because whole blood Platelets, sometimes called "random" platelets, must be pooled from multiple donors to get enough for a therapeutic dose.

The collected blood is generally separated into components by one of three methods. A centrifuge can be used in a "hard spin" which separates Whole Blood into plasma and red cells or for a "soft spin" which separates it into plasma, buffy coat (used to make platelets), and red blood cells. The third method is sedimentation: the Whole Blood simply sits overnight and the red cells and plasma are separated by gravity.

Transfusion

Whole Blood has similar risks to a transfusion of Red Blood Cells and must be cross-matched to avoid hemolytic transfusion reactions. Most of the indications for use are identical to those for RBCs, and Whole Blood is not used because the extra plasma can contribute to transfusion associated circulatory overload (TACO), a potentially dangerous complication.

Whole Blood is sometimes "recreated" from stored red blood cells and FFP for neonatal transfusions. This is done to provide a final product with a very specific hematocrit (percentage of red cells) with type O red cells and type AB plasma to minimize the chance of complications.

torage

Whole Blood is typically stored under the same conditions as Red Blood Cells and can be kept up to 35 days if handled properly.

If the blood will be used to make platelets, it is kept at room temperature until the process is complete. This must be done quickly to minimize the warm storage of RBCs in the unit.

ources

* [http://www.fda.gov/cber/gdlns/crclr.pdf Circular of Information for Blood Products]
* Mark E. Brecher, MD, Chair and Editor. Technical Manual. 2005. 15th Edition. AABB, Bethesda, MD, United States.


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  • Whole blood — Blood Blood (bl[u^]d), n. [OE. blod, blood, AS. bl[=o]d; akin to D. bloed, OHG. bluot, G. blut, Goth. bl[=o][thorn], Icel. bl[=o][eth], Sw. & Dan. blod; prob. fr. the same root as E. blow to bloom. See {Blow} to bloom.] 1. The fluid which… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Whole blood — Whole Whole, a. [OE. hole, hol, hal, hool, AS. h[=a]l well, sound, healthy; akin to OFries. & OS. h?l, D. heel, G. heil, Icel. heill, Sw. hel whole, Dan. heel, Goth. hails well, sound, OIr. c?l augury. Cf. {Hale}, {Hail} to greet, {Heal} to cure …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • whole blood — n blood with all its components intact that has been withdrawn from a donor into an anticoagulant solution for use to restore blood volume esp. after traumatic blood loss * * * blood from which none of the elements have been removed. [USP] blood… …   Medical dictionary

  • whole blood — n. 1. blood for transfusion from which none of the elements have been removed 2. FULL BLOOD (sense 1) …   English World dictionary

  • whole blood — whole′ blood′ n. med blood for transfusion that has not been separated into its components • Etymology: 1400–50 …   From formal English to slang

  • whole blood — noun blood that has not been modified except for the addition of an anticoagulant whole blood is normally used in blood transfusions • Hypernyms: ↑blood * * * noun Etymology: Middle English hole blode, from hole, hool entire, whole + blode, blood …   Useful english dictionary

  • whole blood — /hohl blud / for 1; /hohl blud / for 2 1. blood directly from the body, from which none of the components have been removed, used in transfusions. 2. relationship between persons through both parents. Cf. half blood. [1400 50; late ME] * * * …   Universalium

  • whole blood — The blood or relationship of children who have both of their parents in common …   Ballentine's law dictionary

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  • modified whole blood — [USP] whole blood, drawn under aseptic conditions and preserved with citrate ion or heparin sodium, and from which antihemophilic factor has been removed …   Medical dictionary

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