Decolonisation of Oceania

Decolonisation of Oceania

The decolonisation of Oceania followed World War II. It includes the process of gradual evolution from British rule through self-government to full independence of Australia and New Zealand and the more straightforward decolonisation of the other countries in Oceania.

Timeline

Country Colonial name Colonial power[1] Independence date[2] First head of state[3] War for independence
Indonesia[4] Dutch East Indies Netherlands 27 December 1949[5] Sukarno Indonesian National Revolution
Samoa UN Trust Territory Germany; British New Zealand 1 January 1962 Malietoa Tanumafili II and Tui Atua Tupua Tamasese Mea'ole[6] -[7]
Nauru UN Trust Territory Germany; British Australia[8] 31 January 1968 Hammer DeRoburt -
Tonga Tonga Britain 4 June 1970 Taufaʻahau Tupou IV -
Fiji Fiji Britain 10 October 1970 Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara -
Papua New Guinea Papua and New Guinea Germany/Britain;[9] British Australia 16 September 1975 Michael Somare -
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands Britain 7 July 1978 Peter Kenilorea -
Tuvalu Ellice Islands Britain 1 October 1978 Toaripi Lauti -
Kiribati Gilbert Islands Britain 12 July 1979 Ieremia Tabai -
Vanuatu New Hebrides Britain/France[10] 30 July 1980 George Kalkoa -[11]
Australia Australia Britain 1901/1942/1986 n/a -
Marshall Islands UN Trust Territory Germany; Japan; USA 21 October 1986 Amata Kabua -
Micronesia UN Trust Territory Germany; Japan; USA 3 November 1986 Tosiwo Nakayama -
New Zealand New Zealand Britain 1907/1947/1986 n/a -
Cook Islands Cook Islands New Zealand 1965/1992/current[12] n/a -
Palau UN Trust Territory Germany; Japan; USA 1 October 1994 Kuniwo Nakamura -
Niue Niue New Zealand 1974/1994/current[13] n/a -
Timor-Leste[14] Portuguese Timor;
Timor Timur
Portugal;
Indonesia
28 November 1975;
20 May 2002[15]
Francisco Xavier do Amaral;
Xanana Gusmão
Carnation Revolution;
Indonesian occupation

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Some territories changed hands multiple times, so in the list is mentioned the last colonial power. In addition to it the mandatory or trustee powers are mentioned for territories that were League of Nations mandates and UN Trust Territories.
  2. ^ Date of decolonization for territories annexed by or integrated into previously decolonized independent countries are given in separate notes.
  3. ^ First head of state after independence. For current and former Commonwealth realms instead of first head of state is listed the first head of government.
  4. ^ Transcontinental country, partially located in Asia.
  5. ^ Netherlands New Guinea was separated from the Dutch East Indies on 29 December 1945. Following skirmishes with Indonesia in 1961 and the New York Agreement, the Netherlands transferred authority of Dutch New Guinea to a UN protectorate on 1 October 1962 and it was integrated into Indonesia on 1 May 1963.
  6. ^ Joint position known as O Ao o le Malo, whose individuals are severally referred to as O le Ao o le Malo.
  7. ^ The Mau was a non-violent movement for Samoan independence from colonial rule during the early 1900s.
  8. ^ As a League of Nations mandate and later UN Trust Territory Nauru was under effective Australian administration with the United Kingdom and New Zealand as nominal co-trustees.
  9. ^ The main part of German New Guinea after the World War I became a League of Nations mandate and later a UN Trust Territory as the Territory of New Guinea under Australian administration. The Territory of Papua was a British colony transferred to the British Dominion of Australian administration in 1902.
  10. ^ Vanuatu was a joint British-French Condominium
  11. ^ The Coconut War was a brief clash between rebels opposing independence and prime minister-elect sanctioned Papua New Guinea forces.
  12. ^ Since 4 August 1965 the Cook Islands are a state in free association with New Zealand. The UN recognized them as state under international law in 1992. The Cook Islands are fully independent in their foreign relations and defence, but retain a residual constitutional link with New Zealand in relation to citizenship.
  13. ^ Since 19 October 1974 Niue is a state in free association with New Zealand. The UN recognized it as state under international law in 1994. Niue is fully independent in its foreign relations and defence, but retain a residual constitutional link with New Zealand in relation to citizenship.
  14. ^ Transcontinental country, sometimes considered Asian.
  15. ^ Independence was declared on November 28, 1975, but nine days later began the Indonesian invasion of East Timor. Independence was restored after UN intervention from October 25, 1999 till May 20, 2002.

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать реферат

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Decolonisation of Asia — The decolonization of Asia was the gradual growth of independence movements on the Asian continent, leading ultimately to the retreat of foreign powers and the creation of a number of nation states in the region. A number of events were catalysts …   Wikipedia

  • Oceania — Océanie Océanie …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Decolonization — (alternative spelling: decolonisation) refers to the undoing of colonialism, the unequal relation of polities whereby one people or nation establishes and maintains dependent Territory (courial governments) over another. It can be understood… …   Wikipedia

  • Colonisation of Africa — The colonisation of Africa has a long history, the most famous phase being the European Scramble for Africa during the late 19th and early 20th century. Contents 1 Ancient colonisation 2 Early modern period 3 The Scramble for Africa …   Wikipedia

  • Imperialism in Asia — This article is part of the New Imperialism series. Origins of New Imperialism Imperialism in Asia The Scramble for Africa Theories of New Imperialism Imperialism in Asia traces its roots …   Wikipedia

  • Foreign relations of France — France This article is part of the series: Politics and government of France …   Wikipedia

  • British Empire — For a comprehensive list of the territories that formed the British Empire, see Evolution of the British Empire. British Empire …   Wikipedia

  • Guam — This article is about the United States island territory of Guam. For GUAM, an eastern European international organization, see GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development. Guam Guåhan …   Wikipedia

  • African people — African redirects here. For other meanings, see African (disambiguation). For the Demographics of Africa, see Demographics of Africa. For New World populations, see African diaspora. African people refers to natives, inhabitants, or citizen of… …   Wikipedia

  • Pitcairn Islands — Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands Pitkern Ailen …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”