Feodor III of Russia

Feodor III of Russia
Feodor III
Tsar of All Russia
Reign 29 January 1676 – 7 May 1682
(&100000000000000060000006 years, &1000000000000009800000098 days)
Coronation 18 June 1676
Predecessor Alexis I
Successor Peter I and Ivan V
Consort Agaphia Simeonovna Gruszewska
Marfa Matveievna Apraksina
Issue
Tsarevich Ilya Fyodorovich
Full name
Feodor Alexeevich Romanov
House House of Romanov
Father Alexis I
Mother Maria Ilyinichna Miloslavskaya
Born 9 June 1661(1661-06-09)
Moscow
Died 7 May 1682(1682-05-07) (aged 20)
Moscow
Burial Archangel Cathedral
Religion Eastern Orthodox

Feodor (Theodore) III Alexeevich of Russia (in Russian: Фёдор III Алексеевич) (9 June 1661 – 7 May 1682) was the Tsar of all Russia between 1676 and 1682.

Fyodor was born in Moscow, the eldest surviving son of Tsar Alexis and Maria Miloslavskaya. In 1676, at the age of fifteen, he succeeded his father on the throne. He was endowed with a fine intellect and a noble disposition; he had received an excellent education at the hands of Simeon Polotsky, the most learned Slavonic monk of the day, knew Polish, and even possessed the unusual accomplishment of Latin; but, horribly disfigured and half paralyzed by a mysterious disease, supposed to be scurvy, he had been a hopeless invalid from the day of his birth. He spent most of the time with young nobles, Yazykov and Likhachov, who would later introduce the Russian court to Polish ceremonies, dress, and language[citation needed].

On 28 July 1680 he married a Ukranian noblewoman Agaphia Simeonovna Grushevskaya, daughter of Simeon Feodorovich Grushevsky and wife Maria Ivanovna Zaborovskaya, and assumed the sceptre. His native energy, though crippled, was not crushed by his terrible disabilities; and he soon showed that he was as thorough and devoted a reformer as a man incompetent to lead armies and obliged to issue his orders from his litter, or his bed-chamber, could possibly be. The atmosphere of the court ceased to be oppressive; the light of a new liberalism shone in the highest places; and the severity of the penal laws was considerably mitigated. He founded the academy of sciences in the Zaikonospassky monastery, where everything not expressly forbidden by the Orthodox church, including Slavonic, Greek, Latin and Polish[citation needed], was to be taught by competent professors.

The chief difference between the Fyodorean and the later Petrine reforms was that while the former were primarily, though not exclusively, for the benefit of the church, the latter were primarily for the benefit of the state. The most notable reform of Fyodor III, however, was the abolition in 1682, at the suggestion of Vasily Galitzine, the system of mestnichestvo, or "place priority", which had paralyzed the whole civil and military administration of Muscovy for generations. Henceforth all appointments to the civil and military services were to be determined by merit and the will of the sovereign, while pedigree (nobility) books were to be destroyed. Fyodor's first consort, Agaphia Simeonovna Grushevsky shared his progressive views. She was the first to advocate beard-shaving. On 21 July 1681, the Tsarina gave birth to her son, Tsarevich Ilya Fyodorovich, the expected heir to the throne. Agaphia died as a consequence of the childbirth three days later, on 24 July, and six days later, on 30 July, the nine-days-old Tsarevich also died.

Seven months later, on 24 February 1682 Fyodor married a second time Marfa Matveievna Apraksina (1667–1716), daughter of Matvei Vasilievich Apraksin and wife Domna Bogdanovna Lovchikova. Feodor died three months after his new wedding, on 7 May, without surviving issue. The news of his death sparked the Moscow Uprising of 1682.

References

Regnal titles
Preceded by
Alexis I
Tsar of Russia
1676–1682
Succeeded by
Peter I and Ivan V
Russian royalty
Preceded by
Alexei Alexeevich
Heir to the Russian Throne
1670–1676
Succeeded by
Ivan V of Russia

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно решить контрольную?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Peter III of Russia — Peter III Emperor Peter III, 1762 Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias Reign 5 January 1762 – 9 July 1762 …   Wikipedia

  • Alexander III of Russia — Alexander III Photograph by Sergey Levitsky Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias Reign 13 March 1881 – 1 November 1894 ( 100000 …   Wikipedia

  • Prince Feodor Alexandrovich of Russia — Infobox Russian Royalty|prince name = Feodor Alexandrovich title =Prince Feodor Alexandrovich of Russia imgw = 180px caption = imperial house = House of Holstein Gottorp Romanov father =Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia mother =Grand… …   Wikipedia

  • Russia — • Geography and history Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Russia     Russia     † Catholic E …   Catholic encyclopedia

  • Ivan V of Russia — Infobox Monarch name =Ivan V of Russia title =Dvoetsarstvennik of Russia caption = reign =7 May, 1682 February 8, 1696 coronation =25 June, 1682 othertitles = full name =Ivan V Alekseyevich predecessor =Feodor III successor =Peter I suc type =… …   Wikipedia

  • Фёдор III Алексеевич — В Википедии есть статьи о других людях с именем Фёдор (значения). Фёдор Алексеевич (III) …   Википедия

  • Fédor III — de Russie Titre Tsar de Russie 8 …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Fjodor III. — Fjodor III. Fjodor III. Alexejewitsch (russisch: Фёдор III Алексеевич; * 30. Maijul./ 9. Juni 1661greg. in Moskau; † 27. Apriljul./ 7. Mai  …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Teodoro III de Rusia — (Fiódor Alekséievich) Zar de Rusia Reinado 29 de enero de 1676 7 de mayo de 1682 …   Wikipedia Español

  • Alexis of Russia — For the head of the Russian Orthodox Church known as Alexis I, see Patriarch Alexius I. Alexis I Tsar of All Russia Reign 12 July 1645 29 January 1676 ( 100000000000 …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”